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NFL History 1940 - 1949
1940 A six-team rival league, the third to call itself the American Football League, was formed, and the Columbus Bullies won its championship.
Halas's Bears, with additional coaching by Clark Shaughnessy of Stanford, defeated the Redskins 73-0 in the NFL Championship Game, December 8. The game, which was the most decisive victory in NFL history, popularized the Bears'
T-formation with a man-in-motion. It was the first championship carried on network radio, broadcast by Red Barber to 120 stations of the Mutual Broadcasting System, which paid $2,500 for the rights.
Art Rooney sold the Pittsburgh franchise to Alexis Thompson, Costa Rica tourismDecember 9, then bought part interest in the Philadelphia Eagles.
1941Elmer Layden was named the first Commissioner of the NFL, March 1; Storck, the acting president, resigned, April 5. NFL headquarters were moved to Chicago.
Bell and Rooney traded the Eagles to Thompson for the Pirates, then re-named their new team the Steelers. Homer Marshman sold the Rams to Daniel F. Reeves and Fred Levy, Jr.
The league by-laws were revised to provide for playoffs in case there were ties in division races, and sudden-death overtimes in case a playoff game was tied after four quarters. An official NFL Record Manual was published for the first time.
Columbus again won the championship of the AFL, but the two-year-old league then folded.
The Bears and the Packers finished in a tie for the Western Division championship, setting up the first divisional playoff game in league history. The Bears won 33-14, then defeated the Giants 37-9 for the NFL championship, December 21.
1942 Players departing for service in World War II depleted the rosters of NFL teams. Halas left the Bears in midseason to join the Navy, and Luke Johnsos and Heartley (Hunk) Anderson served as co-coaches as the Bears went 11-0 in the regular season. The Redskins defeated the Bears 14-6 in the NFL Championship Game, December 13.
1943 The Cleveland Rams, with co-owners Reeves and Levy in the service, were granted permission to suspend operations for one season, April 6. Levy transferred his stock in the team to Reeves, April 16.
The NFL adopted free substitution, April 7. The league also made the wearing of helmets mandatory and approved a 10-game schedule for all teams.
Philadelphia and Pittsburgh were granted permission to merge for one season, June 19. The team, known as Phil-Pitt (and called the Steagles by fans), divided home games between the two cities, and Earle (Greasy) Neale of Philadelphia and Walt Kiesling of Pittsburgh served as co-coaches. The merger automatically dissolved the last day of the season, December 5.
Ted Collins was granted a franchise for Boston, to become active in 1944.
Sammy Baugh led the league in passing, punting, and interceptions. He led the Redskins to a tie with the Giants for the Eastern Division title, and then to a 28-0 victory in a divisional playoff game. The Bears beat the Redskins 41-21 in the NFL Championship Game, December 26.
1944 Collins, who had wanted a franchise in Yankee Stadium in New York, named his new team in Boston the Yanks. Cleveland resumed operations. The Brooklyn Dodgers changed their name to the Tigers.
Coaching from the bench was legalized, April 20.
The Cardinals and the Steelers were granted permission to merge for one year under the name Card-Pitt, April 21. Phil Handler of the Cardinals and Walt Kiesling of the Steelers served as co-coaches. The merger automatically dissolved the last day of the season, December 3.
In the NFL Championship Game, Green Bay defeated the New York Giants 14-7, December 17.
1945 The inbounds lines or hashmarks were moved from 15 yards away from the sidelines to nearer the center of the field-20 yards from the sidelines.
Brooklyn and Boston merged into a team that played home games in both cities and was known simply as The Yanks. The team was coached by former Boston head coach Herb Kopf. In December, the Brooklyn franchise withdrew from the NFL to join the new All-America Football Conference; all the players on its active and reserve lists were assigned to The Yanks, who once again became the Boston Yanks.
Halas rejoined the Bears late in the season after service with the U.S. Navy. Although Halas took over much of the coaching duties, Anderson and Johnsos remained the coaches of record throughout the season.
Steve Van Buren of Philadelphia led the NFL in rushing, kickoff returns, and scoring.
After the Japanese surrendered ending World War II, a count showed that the NFL service roster, limited to men who had played in league games, totaled 638, 21 of whom had died in action.
Rookie quarterback Bob Waterfield led Cleveland to a 15-14 victory over Washington in the NFL Championship Game, December 16.
1946 The contract of Commissioner Layden was not renewed, and Bert Bell, the co-owner of the Steelers, replaced him, January 11. Bell moved the league headquarters from Chicago to the Philadelphia suburb of Bala- Cynwyd.
Free substitution was withdrawn and substitutions were limited to no more than three men at a time. Forward passes were made automatically incomplete upon striking the goal posts, January 11.
The NFL took on a truly national appearance for the first time when Reeves was granted permission by the league to move his NFL champion Rams to Los Angeles.
Halfback Kenny Washington (March 21) and end Woody Strode (May 7) signed with the Los Angeles Rams to become the first African-Americans to play in the NFLin the modern era. Guard Bill Willis (August 6) and running back Marion Motley (August 9) joined the AAFC with the Cleveland Browns.
The rival All-America Football Conference began play with eight teams. The Cleveland Browns, coached by Paul Brown, won the AAFC's first championship, defeating the New York Yankees 14-9.
Bill Dudley of the Steelers led the NFL in rushing, interceptions, and punt returns, and won the league's most valuable player award.
Backs Frank Filchock and Merle Hapes of the Giants were questioned about an attempt by a New York man to fix the championship game with the Bears. Bell suspended Hapes but allowed Filchock to play; he played well, but Chicago won 24-14, December 15.
1947 The NFL added a fifth official, the back judge.
A bonus choice was made for the first time in the NFL draft. One team each year would select the special choice before the first round began. The Chicago Bears won a lottery and the rights to the first choice and drafted back Bob Fenimore of Oklahoma A&M.
The Cleveland Browns again won the AAFC title, defeating the New York Yankees 14-3.
Charles Bidwill, Sr., owner of the Cardinals, died April 19, but his wife and sons retained ownership of the team. On December 28, the Cardinals won the NFL Championship Game 28-21 over the Philadelphia Eagles, who had beaten Pittsburgh 21-0 in a playoff.
1948 Plastic helmets were prohibited. A flexible artificial tee was permitted at the kickoff. Officials other than the referee were equipped with whistles, not horns, January 14.
Fred Mandel sold the Detroit Lions to a syndicate headed by D. Lyle Fife, January 15.
Halfback Fred Gehrke of the Los Angeles Rams painted horns on the Rams' helmets, the first modern helmet emblems in pro football.
The Cleveland Browns won their third straight championship in the AAFC, going 14-0 and then defeating the Buffalo Bills 49-7.
In a blizzard,Costa Rica real estate the Eagles defeated the Cardinals 7-0 in the NFL Championship Game, December 19.
1949 Alexis Thompson sold the champion Eagles to a syndicate headed by James P. Clark, January 15. The Boston Yanks became the New York Bulldogs, sharing the Polo Grounds with the Giants.
Free substitution was adopted for one year, January 20.
The NFL had two 1,000-yard rushers in the same season for the first time-Steve Van Buren of Philadelphia and Tony Canadeo of Green Bay.
The AAFC played its season with a one-division, seven-team format. On December 9, Bell announced a mer-ger agreement in which three AAFC franchises-Cleveland, San Francisco, and Baltimore-would join the NFL in 1950. The Browns won their fourth consecutive AAFC title, defeating the 49ers 21-7, December 11.
In a heavy rain, the Eagles defeated the Rams 14-0 in the NFL Championship Game, December 18.

It should first be noted that many online casinos are licensed in the Caribbean Islands, and are providing jobs and economical growth where it is well needed. Licenses are also available in Africa, Europe, and other parts of the world as the debate over legalization, regulation, and freedom on the Internet is widened.
Originally the U.S took a stand opposing online gambling, using a law known as the Wire Act to prohibit online casinos. To date, 18 U.S.C.1084, is still the law most likely to be used in prosecuting casinos. However as legal experts have tried to demonstrate, the Wire Act is riddled with loopholes. In fact, invocation of this law has only added to the contention that new legislation is necessary. On March 19, 1997 the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, better known as the "Kyl bill" was originally introduced. The proposed act would modify the federal Interstate Wire Act 18 U.S.C.1084, which forbids interstate gambling by telephone or other wire devices but not the Internet by name. (The Wire Act is a law dating back approximately 40 years, and predates the Internet and most other modern communications networks.)
Senator Kyl's bill threatened to authorize the Federal Communications Commission to enforce regulations against interstate computer service providers, prohibiting the interstate or foreign transmission of gambling information. The FCC could potentially order ISPs to shut down or block access to gambling Web sites, even if those are based outside the United States. Online casinos assert that they fall under the legislature of their Country of licensing, and that U.S. law would not affect them. Many doubt the technological ability for governments to insure a blanket ban, although a recent initiative in the U.S. calls for a ban on the use of credit cards and wire transfers for the purposes of web wagering.
Australia had originally positioned itself to generate tax revenues through regulation of this hugely profitable industry. The Interactive Gambling (Player Protection) Act was passed by Parliament on March 18, 1998 and commenced on October 1st 1998, but recently there has been a reversal of fortune for casino operators Down Under. After a prolonged moratorium on the spread of online gambling, the Australian Senate passed a ban on interactive gaming, forcing Australian sites to close their doors and declaring that the public would not be allowed to gamble on the Net.
In the U.K., where gambling on sports has long been an accepted part of life for many, signs of easing restrictions on Internet gaming are many. Recently The Isle of Man, which is part of the United Kingdom, but makes many of its own laws, opened its doors and began to grant licenses to new cyber-gaming ventures. Las Vegas-based casino giant MGM Mirage was one of the first to apply. Even more sweeping was a relaxation in England's betting tax, a move that coincided with the government's decision to woo British operators of large-scale sportsbetting sites back into the motherland, thereby keeping countries overseas from collecting massive tax profits from U.K. businesspeople.
The converse attitude has recently been displayed in the United States, where the Wire Act was successfully used to prosecute Jay Cohen, former owner a the sports wagering site World Sports Exchange. Cohen was sentenced to serve one year and nine months for his activities. His recent appeal to overturn the conviction was upheld by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court, saying that betting was "clearly illegal in New York". No further comment was issued on the legality of hundreds of other sites that offer the same services to U.S. bettors.
Results show that despite fractured attempts to ban or place tighter controls on Internet gambling, more and more people worldwide are wagering online. Expert opinion is that legislation cannot constrain the rate of growth taking place in the industry, no matter the legal issues involved.
Despite efforts to pass a bill in the U.S. Congress, many people in America do gamble online. Americans spend US$600 billion a year on gaming every year, and even the land-based casinos in Vegas are starting to get in on the action. Around the world, different countries have taken varying stances: In China, Hong Kong passed a bill tightening gambling controls but leaving online gambling alone, in recognition that a ban would be unenforceable.
The most recent failure of the "Kyl Bill" in the United States to ban online gambling in the last quarter of 2000 came as little surprise. There was a race between the states of Nevada and New Jersey to develop a framework for the regulation of legal online gambling, as the first to do so would gain a competitive advantage over the other. That race looks to have ended when support for online gaming in the New Jersey dwindled.
Assembly Bill 3150 would have legalized Internet gambling in New Jersey operated by Atlantic City casinos, and played by New Jerseyans. Assemblyman Anthony Impreveduto, who wrote the bill, said legal interpretations could open the state to gamblers throughout the U.S. It was his stated belief that both the Nevada and New Jersey bills might permit any U.S. adult to gamble because the casino's computer server would be located in a legal gaming jurisdiction. Alas, Bill 3150 never came to pass into law, and New Jersey legislators have missed their first opportunity to open up the state to online gambling. There's no telling if and when the bill will be re-introduced, or whether New Jerseyans will ever be permitted to open their own casinos online.
The dice have now been cast in the opposite direction by legislators in Nevada, who have recently signed into law a bill that would see legal, regulated online casinos being operations. Should the gambling state's cautiously optimistic Gaming Commission prove able to offer a regulated industry, where virtual dollars could turn to real tax benefits for the people and government of Nevada, it will open the doors for the world's most famous gambling destination to lead the way in online entertainment. The legalization is contingent upon the Gaming Commission, who need satisfaction that any licensed website offering legal, 24 hour virtual casino games can be regulated using current technology. Concerns range from keeping minors from wagering, to guarding against network intrusion, to simply keeping gamers from a non-gambling jurisdiction from playing.
Many website operators welcome regulation as a way of insuring a common set of ethics that all would adhere to. An industry-wide set of standards provides more security for the consumer in this growing field of e-commerce, without infringing on the right of the owner to conduct a fair and profitable business. Regulation could also provide for a better means of monitoring and responding to the social aspects of gambling, while allowing people the freedom to entertain themselves however they choose