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In Chicago, 1908, German-born Paul Frederick Volland founded the Volland Company. Originally intending to publish greeting cards that would compete with the European-dominated industry, by 1917 Volland had transformed the company into a nine acre plant that now included calendars, and books for adults and children. Through Volland's vision of publishing high-quality, mass-produced books, his books for children proved to be the most successful. He had limited funds to do so in the beginning, but even so, he was still able to employ the skills of such noted children's book authors as Elizabeth Gordon, Elizabeth Brown Kirkland, Olive Beaupre Miller, and Miriam Clark Potter. His roster of illustrators included M.T. Ross, John Rae of Howard Pyle's Brandywine School, John Gee, and Maginel Wright Enright, the sister of architect Frank Lloyd Wright.
Volland found its most profitable and beloved author/illustrator in 1916 when it published Quacky Doodles' and Danny Daddles' Book by Johnny Gruelle. In 1918, Gruelle debuted his Raggedy Ann Stories, featuring a loveable rag doll and her adventures. It was wildly popular and spawned Raggedy Andy Stories and other adventures featuring the pair.
In its continued success throughout the 20s, Volland merged with art calendar and greeting card manufacturer Gerlach-Barklow and moved its headquarters to Joliet, IL. However, after the 1929 stock market crash, they found it difficult to stay in business. Quality suffered slightly as they were forced to use cheaper paper and covers in order to cut costs. By the early 30s, not even Gruelle's success could keep the company afloat and they abandoned the book business altogether. Volland's son Gordon did start his own publishing company, known as Buzza and continued to publish books of similar style, but did not take over any of the business.
In order to continue the Raggedy Ann tradition, in 1935 the Donahue Publishing Company purchased the plates from the Raggedy Ann series to reprint them. In 1939, the Johnny Gruelle Company acquired from Volland the plates to the nine original books in the series and continued to reprint them. Raggedy Ann books are still in print today.
II. The Books
In its 25 year history, Volland published cards and Valentines, as well as inspirational books for adults, but their shining achievements were their children's books. Included in these are the small format Sunny Books, the medium format Happy Children Books, novelty books such as Novelty-Peek-A-Boo Books, and Cloth-Art-Toy Books, and the Hug-Me-Toy Books. Those based on more classic stories such as the Nature Children Books and the Fairy Children Books were also well received.
Because of his constant demand for high quality, illustrations were an important part of the process. While the style of the illustrations do vary, most of them seem to favor the simple, clean lines and shapes associated with the art-deco period.
For the above reasons, these books are very collectible in the world of rare children's books. First editions are difficult to tell because of the shifting and merging that went on within the Volland Company and because of the different companies that reprinted the books. This does make something of a difference in price, however, a 13th printing of a particular book has virtually the same value as the 3rd printing. The most sought-after copies of these books are those in their original box (and with dustwrappers if they were published in them). Because these books were intended for children to read and play with, boxes were often discarded or just did not survive, and are therefore, very scarce.
We carry a vast array of books published by Volland in the very best condition, many in their original boxes. Following is a sample.
Here's a list of Volland titles we currently have in stock. Many have their original boxes. We also have other copies of many titles without boxes, Donohue editions and Algonquin editions none of which is listed here. Please contact us if you're interested in purchasing a particular title.A scientific wager is a wager whose outcome is settled by scientific method. They typically consist of an offer to pay a certain sum of money on the scientific proof or disproof of some currently uncertain statement. Some wagers have specific date restrictions for collection, but many are open. Wagers occasionally exert a powerful galvanizing effect on society and the scientific community.
Notable scientists who have made scientific wagers include Stephen Hawking and Richard Feynman. Stanford Linear Accelerator has an open book containing about 35 bets in particle physics dating back to 1980; many are still unresolved.
In 1684, Christopher Wren announced that he would give a book worth 40 shillings to anyone who could deduce Kepler's laws from the inverse-square law. Isaac Newton's musings on this problem eventually grew into his Principia. However, Newton was too late to qualify for the book. Historian Alan Shapiro (University of Minnesota) has stated that this episode was "undoubtedly one of the most crucial wagers in scientific history".[citation needed] In 1870, Alfred Russel Wallace bet John Hampden, a believer in the flat-Earth theory, that he (Wallace) could prove the flat Earth hypothesis incorrect. The sum staked was £500 (then worth a great deal more than now). A test (now known as the Bedford Level experiment) involving a stretch of the Old Bedford River, in Norfolk, was agreed on: Wallace measured the curvature of the canal's surface using two markers separated by about five kilometres and suspended at equal heights above the water's surface. Using a telescope mounted 5km from one of the markers, Wallace established that the nearer one appeared to be the higher of the two. An independent referee agreed that this showed the Earth's surface to curve away from the telescope, and so Wallace won his money. However, Hampden never accepted the result and made increasingly unpleasant threats to Wallace. In 1959, Richard Feynman bet $1000 that no-one could construct a motor no bigger than 1/64 of an inch on a side. He lost the bet when Bill McLellan, using amateur radio skills, constructed such a motor. Feynman had never formalized the bet because he couldn't define his terms sufficiently precisely, but paid up anyway; Feynman is also on record as saying that he was disappointed with the outcome because he had hoped his reward would stimulate some new fabrication technology, but McLellan's motor used only existing techniques. Physicist Philip Ball, writing in Nature Materials, discusses this episode and concludes "Do we, like Feynman, always underestimate what our current technologies can achieve?" In 1975, cosmologist Stephen Hawking bet fellow cosmologist Kip Thorne a subscription to Penthouse magazine for Thorne against four years of Private Eye for him that Cygnus X-1 would turn out not to be a black hole. It was, so Hawking lost. It has been said that Hawking hoped to lose the bet, since so much of his own work depended upon the existence of black holes. For Hawking, then, the bet was a type of hedge. In 1980, biologist Paul R. Ehrlich bet economist Julian Lincoln Simon that the price of a portfolio of $200 of each of five mineral commodities (copper, chromium, nickel, tin, and tungsten) would rise over the next 10 years. He lost: by 1990, the prices had fallen to $576. See also: Wager between Julian Simon and Paul Ehrlich. In 1997 Stephen Hawking and Kip Thorne made a bet with John Preskill on the ultimate resolution of the apparent contradiction between Hawking radiation resulting in loss of information, and a requirement of quantum mechanics that information cannot be destroyed. Hawking and Thorne bet that information must be lost in a black hole; Preskill bet that it must not. The formal wager is: "When an initial pure quantum state undergoes gravitational collapse to form a black hole, the final state at the end of black hole evaporation will always be a pure quantum state". The stake is an encyclopedia of the winner's choice, from which "information can be recovered at will". Hawking conceded the bet in 2004. See also: Thorne Hawking Preskill bet
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