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League football started in Israel in 1949-50, a year after independence. However, the financial and security crises gripping the young nation caused the 1950-1 season to be abandoned before it had started. When football resumed in 1951-2, the new top division went by the name of Liga Alef with Liga Bet as the second division. The 1952-3 season was also not played, and Liga Bet resumed in 1953-4.
The following season, Liga Leumit came into existence as the new top division, with Liga Alef becoming the second division and Liga Bet demoted to the third division. In the summer of 1974, restructuring saw the creation of Liga Artzit as a new second tier, and the second demotion of Liga Bet, as it became the fourth division. Further restructuring to create Ligat Ha'Al in the summer of 1999 saw Liga Bet demoted again, this time to the fifth tier, the position it holds todayToday, Liga Bet is split into four regional divisions, North A, North B, South A and South B. Because Israel's northern half is much more densely populated than the desert south, the divisions are not spread equally and the southernmost division, South B, covers about two-thirds of the country. Although this inequality is partially offset by the fact that there are so few clubs south of Be'er Sheva (Arad, Dimona, Yeroham, Mitzpe Ramon and Eilat are the only sizable towns south of the city, and currently only MS Dimona are in Liga Bet), the northern clubs tend to be clustered in the Galilee region, making travel to away matches much less of a chore.
Each division has sixteen clubs, who play each other home and away to make a 30-game season. The club finishing top of each regional division is promoted to Liga Alef. The bottom two from each division are relegated to Liga Gimel, the sixth and bottom tier, though at least one club is usually reprieved as there are a maximum of seven clubs from Liga Gimel eligible for promotion (i.e. the champion of each of the seven regional divisions) and many do not meet the promotion criteria. Coming into Liga Bet are the two clubs are relegated from each of the regional Liga Alefs and the seven clubs promoted from Liga Gimel, assuming they meet the promotion criteria. The clubs are then pooled and assigned to the most geographically appropriate of the four divisions.
The Israeli football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in Israel. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between leagues at different levels, and allows even the smallest club to dream of rising to the very top of the system. There are 6 levels, containing a total of 16 divisions. It is run by the Israel Football Association The top division of Israeli football is the Israeli Premier League. Liga Leumit is the second tier, followed by Liga Artzit as the third tier. These three divisions all operate at the national level.
Below Liga Artzit the divisions are split into regionalised leagues. Liga Alef is the fourth tier, and is split into north and south divisions. Liga Bet, the fifth tier, is divided into four regionalised leagues. Liga Gimel, the bottom division of Israeli football, is split into seven regionalised leagues, four in the north and three in the southOn June 23 2008 the IFA decided to reform the league structure.[1] From the 2009-10 season, the Israeli Premier League and Liga Leumit will be expanded to 16 clubs and Liga Artzit will be abolished.
In the Premier League, playoff games will be added. The teams will play each other once, with the points gained in the regular league being cut in half.
The top six teams will go into the championship and UEFA Cup playoffs. The top team will win the championship and a place in the Champions league qualifiers, and the second and third place will win a place in UEFA Cup qualifiers. The four teams ranked between seventh and tenth will play ranking playoffs. The team ranked highest will receive the highest ranking grant. The second ranked team will receive the second highest grant etc. The last six teams will fight against relegation to Liga Leumit. The Israeli Premier League (Hebrew: ליגת העל‎, Ligat HaAl), is the highest league in Israeli football and has 12 member clubs. Winning the Premier League is the top prize in Israeli football and guarantees a berth in the UEFA Champions League.
The league was created in 1999 as the IFA aimed to realign the leagues to improve competition. The move from sixteen clubs to twelve was criticized by some football pundits who saw it as damaging the clubs that would be relegated, clubs that had years of history. Each season the bottom two clubs are relegated and replaced by two from the Liga LeumitLiga Leumit (Hebrew: ליגה לאומית, National League) is the second tier of Israeli football, a position it has held since 1999, having originally been the top division prior to the Premier League's creation. It has 12 member clubs, the top two of which are promoted to the Premier League and the bottom two relegated to Liga Artzit at the end of each season.
Liga Alef (Hebrew: ליגה א, A League) is the fourth tier of Israeli football, a position it has held since 1999. Between 1974 and 1999 it was the third tier after Liga Artzit, and between 1949 and 1974 it was the second division. Liga Alef consists of two divisions and has 28 member clubs. The divisions are based on the clubs' geographical position in the country and are split into a north and south category. The top club from each division is promoted at the end of the season to Liga Artzit and the bottom two clubs (from each division) are relegated at the end of the season to Liga Bet.
Main article: Liga BetLiga Bet (Hebrew: ליגה ב, B League) is the fifth tier of Israeli football, a position it has held since 1999. Between 1974 and 1999 it was the fourth tier after the creation of Liga Artzit, and between 1949 and 1974 it was the third division. Liga Bet consists of four divisions and has 64 member clubs. The divisions are based on the clubs' geographical position in the country and are split into two north categories and two south categories. The top club from each division is promoted at the end of the season to the Liga Alef and the bottom two clubs (from each division) are relegated at the end of the season to Liga Gimel (if there are enough clubs coming up to replace themLiga Gimel (Hebrew: ליגה ג, C League) is the sixth and bottom tier of Israeli football, a position it has held since 1999. Between 1974 and 1999 it was the fifth tier after the creation of Liga Artzit, and between 1949 and 1974 it was the fourth division. Liga Gimel consists of seven divisions of varying size, four in the north and three in the less-populated south. At the start of the 2006-7 season there were a total of 91 member clubs. If they meet criteria laid down by the IFA, the top club from each division is promoted at the end of the season to the Liga Bet. As it is the lowest division, no clubs are relegated.