golf scoring

In golf, a par is a predetermined number of strokes that a golfer should require to complete a hole, a round (the sum of the total pars of the played holes, also called the course rating), or a tournament (the sum of the total pars of each round). Pars are the central component of stroke play, the most common kind of play in professional golf tournaments.
The length of each hole from the tee placement to the pin determines par values for each hole primarily, though not exclusively. Traditionally, holes are assigned par values between three and five strokes. For a casual player from the middle tees, an average par-three hole will range between 100 to 250 yards from the tee to the pin. Average par-four holes range between 251 and 450 yards, although tournament players will often encounter par-four holes as long as 500 yards as it is not uncommon for short par-five holes for normal play turned into par-four holes in championship play. Average par-five holes are between 451 and 600 yards, but in the 21st century holes of over 600 yards are becoming more common in championship play. Other considered factors include terrain and objects that may require a golfer to take fewer or more shots to overcome (such as trees, water, hills, or buildings). Some golf courses offer par-twos and par-sixes as well.
Typically, championship golf courses have par values of 72, with four par-threes, ten par-fours, and four par-fives. Some championship courses have par values of 73, 71, 70 or 69. Courses not designed for championships may have lower pars, but nonetheless most 18 hole courses have a par close to 72. Courses with pars above 73 are extremely rareA golfer's score is determined by how many shots have been taken by the golfer relative to par. If a course has a par of 72 and a golfer takes 75 strokes to complete the course, the golfer's reported score is +3, or "three-over-par". This means that the golfer has taken three shots more than par to complete the course. If a golfer takes 70 strokes, their reported score is -2, or "two-under-par".
Tournament scores are calculated by totaling the golfer's score relative to par in each round (there are four rounds in professional tournaments). If each of the four rounds of a tournament has a par of 72, the tournament par would be 288 and the golfer's score would be recorded relative to the tournament par. For example, a golfer could record a 70 in the first round, a 72 in the second round, a 73 in the third round, and a 69 in the fourth round. This would give the golfer a tournament score of 284, or four-under-par.
Scores on each hole are reported in the same way that course scores are given. Nicknames are given to scores on holes ranging from five-under-par to five-over-par.
BogeyOne-over-par (+1). "Going round in Bogey" originally meant an overall par score, starting at the Great Yarmouth Golf Club in 1890, and based on a popular music hall song "Here Comes the Bogey Man". Nationally players competed against "Colonel Bogey" and this in turn gave the title to a 1914 marching tune.
As golf became more standardized in the United States, par scores were tightened and recreational golfers found themselves scoring over par, with bogey changing meaning to one over par. In professional play, bogeys usually result either when a player's ball lands in a hazard (such as a bunker, rough or water hazard) that makes it difficult or impossible to reach the putting surface in the 'regulation' number of strokes - or when a player takes one more putt than would be expected, having reached the green in regulation. Bogeys are relatively common, even in professional play - so much so that it is considered somewhat noteworthy if a player manages to complete a 'bogey-free' round - and they are standard for most casual and club players. A player with a handicap of eighteen would be playing to his or her handicap if they scored a bogey on every hole.
Two or more shots 'dropped' to par result in scores known as a Double-Bogey (two shots over par), Triple-Bogey (three over par) and so on. However, because of the obscurity of higher tuple names, it is more common to hear very high scores referred to by the number of strokes rather than by name. For example, a player, having taken 12 shots to negotiate a par-three, would be far more likely to refer to it simply as a 12, or being nine over par, than a nonuple bogey.

• guide to the scoring system used in golf. ... Golf scoring terms. Albatross: Three shots less than par. Eagle: Two shots less. Birdie: One shot less
• Handicap systems are not used in professional golf. Professional golfers often score several strokes below par for a round and thus have a calculated
• This article is about the scoring system "Par", that is commonly used in Australian club golf as an alternative to Stableford and normal stroke play

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