golf scrambles
Scramble may refer to:
Scramble, a team play scoring system in golf Scramble is used in American Football to describe a quarterback running around behind the line of scrimmage to avoid the rush and find an open receiver. Scramble (arcade game), a 1981 horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up, arcade game pedestrian scramble, a pedestrian crossing system that stops all traffic and allows pedestrians to cross intersections Scrambling (linguistics), a term for free variation of word order, often seen in languages in which word order is not fixed. Scrambler, in telecommunications, a device that encodes a message at the transmitter to make the message unintelligible, for instance a Content Scramble System Scrambler (randomizer), in telecommunications, a device that manipulates a data stream before transmitting to make the message more amenable for transmission Scrambled eggs, a dish made from the lightly beaten combined egg whites and yolks Scrambling, a method of ascending rocky faces and ridges Motorcycle scrambling or Motocross, a form of motorcycle racing or all-terrain vehicle racing held on enclosed off-road circuits "Scramble" is a song by Yui Horie, opening of the anime series School Rumble. Scramble (Comics), an enemy of the Marvel Comics Canadian superhero team Alpha Flight. Scramble is the traditional term for the order for assigned fighter plane pilots to take off and proceed to a destination in response to an alert to either investigate a sighting or intercept an enemy. Scramble (magazine) is a Dutch aviation magazine. This article is about a traffic control device. For the type of political coalition, see Traffic light coalition."Traffic Signal" redirects here. For the 2007 Bollywood film, see Traffic Signal (film). Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes. This one in Warrington, also shows the distinctive red + amber combination seen in the UK.The traffic light, also known as traffic signal, stop light, traffic lamp, stop-and-go lights, robot or semaphore, is a signaling device positioned at a road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location. Its purpose is to indicate, using a series of colours (Red - Amber - Green), the correct moment to stop, drive, ride or walk, using a universal colour code (and a precise sequence, for those who are colour blind).
Traffic lights for vehicles usually contain three lamps: red, orange or yellow (officially amber), and green. In some systems, a flashing amber means that a motorist may go ahead with care if the road is clear, giving way to pedestrians and to other road vehicles that may have priority. A flashing red is treated as a regular stop sign.
Traffic lights for pedestrians normally have two main lights—a red light that means 'stop' and a green (or sometimes white for pedestrians) light that means 'go' (or, more correctly, 'proceed with caution').
The use of these colours are thought to originate from nautical right-of-way[citation needed]. Usually, the red light contains some orange in its hue, and the green light contains some blue, to provide some support for people with red-green colour blindness.
Traffic lights for special vehicles (such as buses or trams) may use other systems, such as vertical vs. horizontal bars of white light.
4-state lights warn traffic that it will shortly be free to move.In most countries, the sequence is green (go), amber (prepare to stop), and red (stop). In most systems, however, when red changes to green, both red and amber are lit. It is customary for drivers to select neutral and/or use the handbrake at red lights; the additional phase gives the driver time to select first gear or release the handbrake before the light turns green).
In the UK[1], New Zealand[2] and Canada[3], amber officially means 'stop' (unless it would cause an accident to do so) but in practice, is treated as 'prepare to stop'. In Russia, the green light flashes for a few seconds before the amber light comes on. The single flashing amber signal is used in the UK, Ireland and Australia at Pelican crossings.
some instances, traffic may turn right after stopping on a red (left in left-driving countries), providing they give way to the pedestrians and other vehicles. In some cases which generally disallow this, a sign next to the traffic light indicates that it is allowed at a particular intersection. Conversely, jurisdictions which generally allow this might forbid it at a particular intersection with a "no turn on red" sign, or might put a green arrow to indicate specifically when a right turn is allowed without having to yield to pedestrians (this is usually when traffic from the perpendicular street is making a left turn onto one's street and thus no pedestrians are allowed in the intersection anyway). Some jurisdictions allow turning on red in the opposite direction (left in right-driving countries; right in left-driving countries) from a one-way road onto another one-way road; some of these even allow these turns from a two-way road onto a one-way road. Also differing is whether a red arrow prohibits turns; some jurisdictions require a "no turn on red" sign in these cases. A study in the State of Illinois concluded that allowing drivers to proceed straight on red after stopping, at specially posted T-intersections where the intersecting road went only left, was dangerous. Proceeding straight on red at T-intersections where the intersecting road went only left was once legal in Mainland China with right-hand traffic provided that such movement would not interfere with other traffic, but when the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China took effect on 1 May 2004, such movement was outlawed. [1]. In some other countries the permission is indicated by a flashing amber arrow (cars do not have to stop but must give way to other cars and pedestrians).
Another distinction is between intersections that have dedicated signals for turning across the flow of opposing traffic and those that do not. Such signals are called dedicated left-turn lights in the United States and Canada (since opposing traffic is on the left). With dedicated left turn signals, a left-pointing arrow turns green when traffic may turn left without conflict, and turns red or disappears otherwise. Such a signal is referred to as a "protected" signal if it has its own red phase; a "permissive" signal does not have such a feature. Three standard versions of the permissive signal exist: One version is a horizontal bar with five lights - the green and yellow arrows are located between the standard green and yellow lights. A vertical 5-light bar holds the arrows underneath the standard green light (in this arrangement, the yellow arrow is sometimes omitted, leaving only the green arrow below the solid green light, or possibly an LED based device capable of showing both green and yellow arrows within a single lamp housing). A third type is known as a "doghouse" or "cluster head" - a vertical column with the two normal lights is on the right side of the signal, a vertical column with the two arrows is located on the left, and the normal red signal is in the middle above the two columns. In a fourth type, sometimes seen at intersections in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, there is no dedicated left-turn lamp per se. Instead, the normal green lamp flashes rapidly, indicating permission to go straight as well as make a left turn in front of opposing traffic, which is being held by a steady red lamp. (This "flashing green" can be somewhat startling and confusing to drivers not familiar with this system. This also can cause confusion amongst visitors to British Columbia, where a flashing green signal denotes a pedestrian controlled intersection). Another interesting practice seen at least in Ontario is that cars wishing to turn left that arrived after the left turn signal ended can do so during the amber phase, as long as there is enough time to make a safe turn.
Generally, a dedicated left-turn signal is illuminated at the beginning of the green phase of the green-yellow-red-green cycle. This allows left-turn traffic, which often consists of just a few cars, to vacate the intersection quickly before giving priority to vehicles travelling straight. This increases the throughput of left-turn traffic while reducing the number of drivers, perhaps frustrated by long waits in heavy traffic for opposing traffic to clear, attempting to make an illegal left turn on red. If there is no left-turn signal, the law requires one to yield to oncoming traffic and turn when the intersection is clear and it is safe to do so. Nevertheless, it is increasingly and disturbingly common in at least the U.S. to see drivers who do not yield in the absence of a dedicated signal, cutting off traffic that has right-of-way and is starting to head across the intersection. In the U.S., many older inner-city and rural areas do not have dedicated left-turn lights, while most newer suburban areas have them. Such lights tend to decrease the overall efficiency of the intersection as it becomes congested, although it makes intersections safer by reducing the risk of head-on collisions and may even speed up through traffic, but if a significant amount of traffic is turning, a dedicated turn signal helps eliminate congestion.
Pedestrian crossing light with loudspeaker for the blind.Some intersections with protected-turn signals occasionally have what is known as "yellow trap", "lag-trap", or "left turn trap" (in right-driving countries). It occurs at intersections where vehicles are permitted to make left turns on normal green lights. "Yellow trap" refers to situations when left-turning drivers are trapped in the intersection with a red light, while opposing traffic still has a green.
For example, an intersection has dedicated left-turn signals for traffic traveling north. The southbound traffic gets a red light so northbound traffic can make a left turn, but the straight-through northbound traffic continues to get a green light. A southbound driver who had entered the intersection earlier will now be in a predicament, since they have no idea whether traffic continuing straight for both directions is becoming red, or just their direction. The driver will now have to check the traffic light behind them, which is often impossible from the viewing angle of a driver's seat. This can also happen when emergency vehicles or railroads preempt normal signal operation.[4] In the United States, signs reading "Oncoming traffic has extended green" or "Oncoming traffic may have extended green" must be posted at intersections where the "yellow trap" condition exists.[5][6]
Although motorcycles and scooters in most jurisdictions follow the same traffic signal rules for left turns as do cars and trucks, some places, such as Taiwan, have different rules. In these areas, it is not permitted for such small and often hard-to-see vehicles to turn left in front of oncoming traffic on certain high-volume roads when there is no dedicated left-turn signal. Instead, in order to make a left turn, the rider moves to the right side of the road, travels through the first half of the intersection on green, then slows down and stops directly in front of the line of cars on the driver's right waiting to travel across the intersection, which are of course being held by a red light. There is often a white box painted on the road in this location to indicate where the riders should group. The rider turns the bike 90 degrees to the left from the original direction of travel and proceeds along with the line of cars when the red light turns green, completing the left turn. This procedure improves safety because the rider never has to cross oncoming traffic, which is particularly important given the much greater likelihood of injury when a cycle is hit by a car or truck. This system (called a "hook-turn") is also used at many intersections in the CBD of Melbourne, Australia, where both streets carry tramways. This is done so right-turning vehicles (Australia drives on the left) do not block the passage of trams. The system is being extended to the suburbs.
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