roulette chips

Casino chips we made in the late 1940's and early 1950's. In 1947 the Burt Company purchased United States Playing Card's chip manufacturing equipment. This purchase eliminated USPC as a competitor and established the Burt Company as America's leading chip maker. The late 1940's saw a shift to a higher quality printed center chip and the first use of colored edge spots. Made with custom design molds, these chips offered more security than a plain mold seal & crest chip. Roulette chips were still being made on plain molds. The yellow Flamingo #2 is an example of a roulette chip from the early 1950's. Casino chips we made 1951 to 1955 The following casinos used our chips on opening day: California Club 1951; Hotel Sahara 1952; Sands 1952; Royal Nevada Hotel 1955; Riviera 1955. Casino chips we made in the mid 1950's In 1954 we introduced the first multi-colored edge spots and the first house mold at the Golden Nugget. A house mold casts the name or logo of a casino into the rim of the chip. Also in 1954, the Flamingo Casino proudly displayed a picture of the new "Champagne Tower" addition in the center of their roulette chips. Casino owners Wilbur Clark and Benny Binion put their pictures on their casino's chips. The game is French in origin (Roulette in French means "small wheel"). The first form of roulette was devised in the 1600s by Blaise Pascal a French mathematician and was a bi-product of Pascal's fascination with perpetual motion. It wasn't until 1842 that the 0 was added to the roulette wheel by fellow Frenchmen Francois and Louis Blanc in order to increase the house odds. The United States adopted their own version, and added a further 0 in the form of 00 further increasing house odds. In the 1800s roulette spread through both Europe and the U.S. and had since become extremely popular and the most iconic of casino games. Nowadays the roulette wheel in all casinos online or land based have either 37 (European) or 38 (American) numbered pockets in which the ball will land.
American Roulette Table Board Depiction
Roulette Variants
There are two types of roulette, European and American. The difference between the two as mentioned above is the number of 0's on the wheel. In European roulette there is only one zero, "0" giving the house an advantage of 2.7%. American roulette wheels have two zeros, "0" and "00", which increase the house advantage to 5.26%. European Roulette Wheel (Single Zero)
American Roulette Wheel (Double Zero)
Another major difference between the two versions is also in the use of the chips. In American roulette players use so-called "non-value" chips, meaning that all chips belonging to the same player are of the same value determined at the time of their purchase (For example: $20.00 can purchase a stack of twenty $1.00 chips. $100.00 can purchase a stack of twenty $5.00 chips). The player cashes in the chips at the roulette table. In European roulette the player can use standard casino chips of different values as bets.
The traditional European roulette table is larger in than its American counterpart and the croupier uses a rake to collect chips and to distribute winnings. Whilst in the American roulette version, the croupier collects and distributes chips by hand.
Finally there is also another version which is a hybrid of the two variants above, the hybrid version is the only kind of wheel that is legal in the United Kingdom. This wheel has an English

Roulette Game Play
Roulette is a fast moving, simple and exciting game offering a great variety of bets and payoffs. Once all bets are placed, the Dealer spins the wheel in one direction and the ball in the opposite direction. Winning bets are determined by the numbered slot in which the ball comes to rest. The winning number is marked by the Dealer. Losing bets are collected and winning bets are paid out. After all payoffs have been made, the Dealer will announce "Place your bets." You may then place bets on the next spin until the Dealer announces "No more bets."
Roulette Screenshsot from 32Red (Click to Download Software)

Roulette Strategy
It has been proven that roulette systems that rely on probability have failed to produce consistent successful results. At roulette, each spin is a new spin and the outcome is never determined by prior spins. Therefore, the probability for a possible outcome is the same for each spin of the roulette wheel and a probability advantage cannot be predicted.
For example: Which outcome has a higher probability after eight successive Blacks, Black again or Red? Most people would say Red. Most people would be wrong as each spin (unlike drawing at card games) is an individual event, where probability is concerned.
After eight successive Blacks, a Black is as likely to come as a Red. The roulette wheel has no memory and it does not keep track of the slot or pocket the ball previously landed. This is what many gamblers find hard to believe. This misconception has been around for many years and will be around for many more years. It is known as the notorious gambler's fallacy.
If you were to bet $5 on Black for 38 spins on an American roulette wheel, in theory you would win and lose every other spin and after 38 spins (which is about an hour of play at a busy roulette table) you would lose $10 for the zero and double zero slot. In practice, during an hour of roulette play, at some stage, if you were lucky you would be up and if you were unlucky you would be down by more than $10, so deciding when to quit will be the biggest factor in determining the amount you win or lose.
Although at online casinos there are no physical wheels and physics don't govern the events culminating in the pocket which the ball lands, each spin is no less random than in a land based casino. Where the ball lands in an online roulette wheel is wholly dependent upon a piece of software called a Random Number Generator (RNG). An online casino's RNG produces thousands of random numbers each second, and those random numbers are extracted when an event occurs (such as a roulette wheel being spun) and then mapped to an end result (the ball landing on 14), via a set of rules that correspond to the odds for a game. This way you get randomness and appropriate odds. Furthermore a number of reputable online casinos provide independently audited payout charts providing detailed breakdown of their payouts.
With the above in mind roulette strategy for the novice is simple minimize the house edge. This can be done as follows:
Use of the 'Surrender' rule: Atlantic city casinos entertain a beneficial rule called 'surrender'. If this rule is in place (ask at the table before you play) you are close to using a roulette strategy. The surrender rule applies only to outside bets (Odds, Evens, Black Red etc) that pay even money. If the ball lands on 0 or 00 (double zero) you only lose half of your bet. The casinos edge then drops to 2.63%. The surrender rule is used on American Roulette tables.
Choosing single 0 roulette table (European Roulette): The other basic strategy to employ (where applicable) choosing to play at the single 0 European Roulette wheels come this way standard, but American casinos rarely use it, as it decreases the house edge. That said there are a few casinos in Las Vegas that operate a single zero table the Bellagio, MGM Grand and Mandalay Bay amongst others, these tables usually operate higher minimum limits, their hours of operation are more restrictive and tables are based in the high roller rooms.(2) Over 12 bets the house edge drops to 2.7% so keeping an eye out for European Roulette or single zero wheel, is one of the smartest strategies.
Use of the 'En Prison' rule: Inside Europe they also have a variation of roulette called 'en prison' that minimises the house edge further to a tiny 1.35% and further improves your odds of winning. The "en prison" is offered when the ball lands in the zero space, all even money bets are frozen and bet is carried over to following spin.
Avoid 'Five Way Bets': The house edge is the same for every single bet you make, except for the five way bet on a double zero wheel (American Roulette ) which gives the house a bigger edge.
'Independently Audited Payout Reports': When playing roulette at an online casino always make sure that the randomness of their RNG and payout percentage is independently audited. This way you can compare payouts on roulette (or for any other game) at the different casinos. However bear in mind that past payout levels are not a guarantee for future payout levels.

Roulette Odds and Payouts
As Roulette is a game of chance in which the player can not affect the outcome of a spin, understanding the odds for or against a particular result and adjusting play accordingly gives you your best chance of success. In this section you will find the real and paid odds for the various bets you can make and advice on possible ways to maximize your chances. The table below shows the true odds and what the casino pays out for both American (2 zeros) and European (single zero) wagers.

BET CASINO PAYOUT + INITIAL BET ODDS OF WINNING AGAINST (AMERICAN) PROBABILITY (%) Straight Up 35 to 1 37 to 1 2.63% Split (2 Numbers) 17 to 1 18 to 1 5.26% Street (3 Numbers) 11 to 1 11.667 to 1 7.89% Corner (4 Numbers) 8 to 1 8.5 to 1 10.52% Five Numbers 6 to 1 6.6 to 1 13.16% Column Bet 2 to 1 2.167 to 1 31.58% Dozen Bet 2 to 1 2.167 to 1 31.58% Red 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37% Black 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37% 19-36 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37% 1-18 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37% Even 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37% Odd 1 to 1 1.111 to 1 47.37%
So you know the bets you understand the odds how do you go about winning, well there are numerous Roulette Systems that claim to guarantee you win however if you look at the odds in the long run the house should win so how do these systems work.
MartingaleMost are based on some form of progression system such as the Martingale or D' Alembert (Pyramid) system, the Martingale is a classic negative progression system and quite simple to understand. Every time you lose you double the previous bet so that when you win you get back all your money plus the original bet so you can't lose, you then go back to your original bet and start again. There's got to be a catch, well yes there is and its a big one, if you start with $1 betting on even return and have a run of 10 losses you will have bet $2047 just for the chance of winning $1 and if the house maximum is reached before your luck changes, tough, so maybe that's not such a good idea after all. What are the odds on 10 straight losses? Well actually statistically its 613 - 1. Even if you possessed infinite wealth with which you could bankroll this strategy, most casinos have table maximums, which would prevent you from doubling your bet more than five or six times.
The D' Alembert system, involves increasing your bet by a smaller amount when you lose and decreasing it by the same amount when you win, this reduces the rate the value of your bet rises its now linear instead of exponential but is still not infallible. Many other systems are variations on one of these maybe increasing your bid by a varying amount or in some cases decreasing it (positive progression), but despite what they say guaranteed winning is a very bold claim to make indeed.
Called (French) Bets
There are a series of numbers on the roulette wheel that have names attached to them. These are placed by betting a set amount per series. The bets are based upon the way that numbers lie on the roulette wheel. These bets are a feature of European Roulette and they are not usually advertised by the casino but the dealer will know where to place your chips.
Voisins du Zero ("Neighbours of Zero")The name for the numbers neighbouring 0, which lie between 22 and 25 on the wheel including 22 and 25 themselves. As illustrated in the chart below. 9 chips or multiples are bet as follows:2 chips on the 0,2,3 street - 1 on the 4/7 split - 1 on 12/15 - 1 on 18/21 - 1 on 19/22 - 2 on 25/26/28/29 corner - 1 on 32/35.
Tiers ("The third")The name for the numbers which lie on the opposite side of the wheel between 27 and 33 including 27 and 33 themselves. As illustrated in the chart below. 6 chips or multiples of are bet as follows: 1 chip on the 5/8 split - 1 on the 10/11 split - 1 on the 13/16 split - 1 on the 23/24 split - 1 on the 27/30 split - 1 on the 33/36 split.

Orphelins ("Orphans")These numbers make up the slices of the wheel outside the Tiers and Voisins. They contain a total of eight numbers, as illustrated in the roulette wheel above. 5 chips or multiples of are bet as follows: 1 chip is placed straight-up on 1 - 1 on the 6/9 split - 1 on the 14/17 split - 1 on the 17/20 split - 1 on the 31/34.
"Jeu 0" or "Zero Spiel"This bet takes its name from the series of numbers surrounding 0, as illustrated in the roulette chart above. 4 chips or multiples of are bet as follows: 1 chip on the 0/3 split - 1 on the 12/15 split - 1 straight up on 26 - 1 on the 32/35 split.
Betting Limits Guide and Casino TerminologyThese limits vary between casinos, so the following is just a guide as to the Bet limit terms you might come across at different casinos.
Table Limits: There are 2 Table limits in Roulette.
Table Minimum - The total value of bets placed before a spin must be equal-to or greater-than the minimum bet requirement advertised on the table. Table Maximum - The total value of bets placed before each spin must be equal-to or less-than the maximum bet requirements posted on the table.
Bet Limits: There are 5 bet limits in Roulette.
Inside Minimum: This is the minimum allowable amount of a single inside bet. Outside Minimum: This is the minimum allowable amount for a single outside bet. Straight Up Max: This is the maximum allowed on a single number. Maximum Outside 12 Bet: This covers outside bets that involve 12 numbers, i.e., Column and Dozen bets. Maximum Outside 18 Bet: This covers outside bets that cover 18 numbers, i.e., Black/Red, Hi/Lo & Odd/Even bets.
In the table below you will find the minimum and maximum betting limits for inside and outside bets of some of our featured casinos. Amongst our listed casinos William Hill appears to be the best destination for high rollers as it accepts the highest betting stake limits for both outside and inside bets with a maximum of £7,500 and £1,500 respectively.

Outside Bet Inside Bet Casino Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum William Hill £5 £7500 £5 (Spread over Table 5 x £1) £1500 Littlewoods £5 £5000 £1 £1000 Ladbrokes £1 £1000 £1 £125 Casino Tropez £1 £6000 £1 £300 (Straight Up) X2 for Split, x3 for Street, x4 for Corner Intercasino £5 £500 £5 £500 Casino Euro £1 £500 £1 £10 Casino on Net £1 £100 £1 £100 32Red £1 £80 £1 £10 Dash £1 £80 £1 £10 Although every effort is made to provide as much up to date information as possible on the above internet casinos, for the most up to date, min & max limit information, terms and conditions etc please visit the online casino site.

Summary
So to summarise, well from the odds its obvious the European wheel gives you the best chance so start there, most online casinos offer this option, though finding a land based casino in North America with it may be difficult.
Look for casinos with the "Surrender", " La Partage" or "En Prison" rules they all help reduce your losses if zero comes up on certain bets.
Betting on even money options is the safest way and if you have to go for that lucky number fine but don't put your shirt on it and definitely not your house.
Develop a money management strategy, decide how much you can afford to lose and at what amount if you are winning you will either stop or at least put either a portion of your winning or what you started with aside and stick to it.
It is possible to win large amounts, remember the song "The man who broke the bank at Monte Carlo" he really existed, Charles de Ville Wells (1841-1926) over a period of about 12 hours in July 1891 he broke the roulette table (taking all their supply of chips) about twelve times. In total he won about three million French Francs at that visit and repeated the feat a few months later. Unfortunately he returned a year later with an "improved" system and lost a similar amount, but hey you could be the one who does it next and knows when to stop, Good Luck!